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A Tilly (for "utility") was a utility vehicle produced during World War II based on an existing vehicle design for use by the British Armed Forces during World War II.
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At the outbreak of the war, the British Army was still in the final stages of mechanization. By 1940, all but two of the 22 regular cavalry regiments had mechanized (abandonment of horses for armored vehicles or tanks).
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It is used for both motorized infantry and more general transport and logistics tasks. However, there was still a severe shortage of vehicles of all sizes which became more acute as the army mobilized for war. In particular, there was a lack of light vehicles for local communications, communications, transportation, casualty evacuation, and general utility work at the small unit (company or battalion) level. While senior officers may have a staff car, junior officers and other ranks find motorized transportation essential in an increasingly mechanized military where moves of several miles on level roads can be made.
Faced with a shortage of utility vehicles, the Ministry of Supply coordinated with major British car manufacturers (mainly through Lord Nuffield of Morris Motors, Nuffield Mechanization and Arrow) to produce military utility versions of their existing mid-size saloons. They were officially classified as Automobile, Light Utility 4x2.
Each manufacturer's adaptation of the Chauss model to utility specifications varied in detail, but was largely the same. The rear bodywork was swapped for a typical pickup truck cargo box covered by a canvas top (commonly known as a 'tilt'), making the utility a two- or three-cab seater. The bodywork was simplified for ease of production and economy, with some models having angled wings or flat-panel doors. Some cast or welded body parts were exchanged for simple pressed steel stampings. Paint replaced the chrome on the grille and bumpers, and in some cases the decorative grille was removed entirely and replaced with simple wire mesh. The interior and seating were streamlined and untrimmed, with paint instead of Bakelite and no carpet or leather. Electrical systems were changed from the common civilian 6-volt type to the military-standard 12-volt, and parts such as headlights were smaller types than civilian cars and were standardized across all models. The genes were low compression varieties to allow them to run on low quality gasoline. Most automakers offered their civilian models with "export" options for service in the world's extreme climates and rough roads, and utilities were outfitted with parts like larger radiators and fans, upgraded suspension which provided a greater load capacity. and higher ground clearance. All utilities were fitted with taller and wider tires than standard to further improve traction and ground clearance; this required trimming or, in some cases, strengthening the chassis in certain areas. As 'Tillie' production continued, many designs lost their shared civilian components, gaining a more simplified interior and more functional grille, wings and bodywork.
The result is an inexpensive, simple, mass-produced small vehicle that can be used for almost any purpose. The utilities had a gross weight of approximately two tons (2,000 kg) and most had a tower to allow a single-axle trailer to be towed. However, many were regularly overloaded. Rarely exceeding 30bhp, the 'Tilly' had a top speed of around 50mph unladen and laden performance was poor, especially when climbing hills, when accidents could affect the braking system of many light civilian vehicles. Despite their large tires and increased ground clearance, the 'Tills had only limited off-road capability, being too heavy for their power. Despite their technical shortcomings, they were essential for many military tasks and proved reliable and easy to maintain. 'Tillis' were produced by the hundreds of thousands during the war as the jeep began to prove more effective for some (but not all) of its roles.
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The Morris Commercial J4 and later the Leyland Sherpa, often in minibus form, were used throughout the UK Armed Forces in the latter part of the 20th century under the name "Tilly". The Royal Navy, which had no integrated vehicle assets of its own, relied on the Civil Service Main Supply and Transport Organization (Navy) PSTON to provide vehicles and drivers, unlike the Royal Marines and their troops in other services.
The Australian Armed Forces continued this practice in a similar fashion, but chose to use the name UTE Tuck from the outset rather than the last part of "Utility".
Thousands were built during the war, but very few still exist today. Preserved restored examples are on public display at the Czech Republic Tank Museum in Lesny near Prague, at the Yorkshire Air Museum, at the Regional Air Museum in Angers-Marse, France and at the Aviation Museum of Malta in Ta'Kali, Malta. Mucklberg Collection, Norfolk. Other. Some of the privately owned Tillies are on display at the annual 'War and Peace Show', Britain's largest military vehicle show.
Owners of the few surviving Tilli today consider them very special multi-purpose vehicles, but they should be overlooked by many when it comes to preserving military vehicles.
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The Tilly Register was formed in 1996 to bring Tilly owners together. Its main goal is to identify and register all surviving vehicles around the world. The four Tilley marques, Austin, Hillman, Morris and Standard, as well as the Austin 8 Tourer, are closely related to the Austin Tilley. The Registry has members throughout Europe and Australia.
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